About The Linux Foundation Certification and Credential Program

The Linux Foundation is a non-profit consortium dedicated to fostering the growth of Linux. Founded in 2007, The Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies and developers from around the world.

The Linux Foundation works closely with open source project communities to deliver relevant, respected, hands-on certifications and credentials to technology professionals around the world. The Linux Foundation is unique in that we don’t just provide the certifications and credentials for today’s most in-demand technologies; our involvement goes far beyond that. We host the projects developing these technologies and provide resources and staffing to help keep these development communities healthy and thriving. So when it comes right down to it, no one is closer to these technologies than The Linux Foundation.

Linux Foundation Exams are delivered online and are closely monitored by an automated proctoring system during the exam session.

System Requirements

• Please review the LF Proctoring System Requirements to ensure your machine can support our online exams.

• Webcam

  • Ensure the webcam is capable of being moved as you will have to pan your surroundings to check for potential violations of exam policy.

  • If you will be testing from an employer-provide ISP or will use an employer provided machine, please ensure that streaming will be allowed using WebRTC.

  • Candidates are not allowed to have other applications or browser windows running except the one on which the Exam is being shown.

• Microphone

  • Please check to make sure it is working before you start your exam session.

• One active monitor (either built in or external) (NOTE: Dual Monitors are NOT supported).

• Reliable internet access

  • Ensure others on the same internet connection are not performing activities that use excessive bandwidth (i.e. holding conference calls, streaming content, gaming, etc.)

  • A wired connection is often more stable and robust than a wireless connection

  • Turn off bandwidth-intensive services (e.g. file sync, dropbox, BitTorrent)

Candidates are not allowed to have other applications or browser windows running except the one on which the Exam is being shown.

Important Information to Consider:

• Please disable firewalls or use a computer without a corporate firewall.

• We strongly advise test takers to avoid using work-provided devices for their exams, as this practice can result in technical challenges. Although it is sometimes possible to initiate and access the exam on such devices, work devices often come with security features and work-related applications that can disrupt the exam software, causing technical complications.

• To ensure a smooth exam experience, we recommend using personal devices without stringent security features, and on which you have the privileges needed to install applications and to end system process' and services.

• You cannot take an exam using a virtual machine even though the compatibility check may not display any issues

• If possible, stop any antivirus software from running, and antivirus scanning during the exam time.

• If you are using a laptop, make sure that it's plugged into a power socket, so that the battery does not run out during the exam.

LF Account

Candidate should have their own LF account. For more details on how to create LF account, please refer to Creating LF Account.

Testing Environment Requirements

Below are the expectations for an acceptable testing location::

• Clutter-free work area

  • No objects such as paper, writing implements, electronic devices, or other objects on top of surface

  • No objects such as paper, trash bins, or other objects below the testing surface

• Clear walls

  • No paper/print outs hanging on walls

  • Paintings and other wall décor is acceptable

  • Candidates will be asked to remove non-décor items prior to the exam being released

• Lighting

  • Space must be well lit so that proctor is able to see candidate’s face, hands, and surrounding work area

  • No bright lights or windows behind the candidate

• Other

  • Candidate must remain within the camera frame during the examination

  • Space must be private where there is no excessive noise. Public spaces such as coffee shops, stores, open office environments, etc. are not allowed.

Certification and Confidentiality Agreement

Candidates must accept the terms and conditions of the Linux Foundation Global Certification and Confidentiality Agreement during the registration process and again prior to testing.

The agreement is located at https://docs.linuxfoundation.org/tc-docs/certification/lf-cert-agreement

This is a legally-binding agreement that applies to all exams. Acceptance and adherence to this agreement is required in order to be exposed to the exam and to be officially certified. Failure to accept the terms of this agreement will result in a terminated exam and forfeiture of the entire exam fee.

You may request a refund of exam registration fees if both of the following are true:

(a) Your exam registration purchase was less than three (3) business days ago AND

(b) You have not yet scheduled or taken an exam

For exam purchases made through an Authorized Training Partner, contact the specific Partner to check eligibility for an exam registration refund.

If you are eligible for a refund (per the Exam Refund Policy), please login with your LF Account to https://trainingsupport.linuxfoundation.org and select your request type from the categories provided.

Candidates can access My Profile page at any time by going to https://trainingportal.linuxfoundation.org/learn/dashboard.

Once a candidate has logged into My Portal, they will be able to view My Profile.

My Profile page allows candidates to:

• View your Digital Badges

• Change account password

• Add alternative emails

• Link account to social media accounts

• Purchase Linux.com alias email

• View your training and certification products

• View events

• View your transactions

To access My Profile page, perform the following:

Login to My Portal. Click the icon and select Account.

The Account Info page appears. Click Manage Profile.

You will navigate to the My Profile page. For more information, refer My Profile.

The Exam will not be released until the Candidate has indicated that they have read, understood and accept these rules and policies as presented in the The Linux Foundation Global Candidate Certification and Confidentiality Agreement.

Candidates must also comply with the following rules and policies during the Exam:

Testing Location Rules

• Room must be quiet, private and well lit

• Bright lights or windows should not be positioned behind the Candidate

• Testing from public spaces such as coffee shops, stores, etc. is not allowed

• No one other than the Candidate can be present in the room

• Desk must be clear of all notes and electronics

Candidate Conduct Rules During Exam

• Candidate is not allowed to communicate with anyone during the Exam

• Candidate is not allowed to read the questions out loud, to themselves, during the exam

• Candidate is not allowed to leave their desk or step out of view of the webcam

• Candidate is not allowed to eat, drink (except clear liquids as per rule below), or chew gum

• Candidate is permitted to drink clear liquids from a label-free clear bottle or a clear glass

• Candidate is not allowed to wear any electronic device in their ears, on their face or on their body unless medically necessary

• Candidate must refrain from making excessive and/or repetitive noise

• Candidate must refrain from covering their mouth and/or face

• Candidate is not allowed to write or enter input on anything (whether paper, electronic device, etc.) outside of the Exam console screen

• Candidates must refrain from inappropriate or questionable behavior including, but not limited to, failing to follow proctor requests, looking off the screen, and using forbidden resources.

Policy on Tools and Resources Allowed during Exam

During the exam, candidates may:

• review the Exam content instructions that are presented in the command line terminal.

• review Documents installed by the distribution within the exam terminal (i.e. /usr/share and its subdirectories)

The following resources are forbidden during the Exam:

• Text-based email clients

• Notes or unauthorized materials

• Unauthorized digital resources

• Browsing the Internet using installed tools such as Vim and Emacs

• Communications with other Candidates or outside resources

• Use of devices other than the exam desktop

• Notes

• Documentation (* the documentation installed by the distribution IS permitted)

• Course manuals

• Devices external to computer on which they are taking the exam, including but not limited to: mobile phones, PDAs, wearable computers, smart glasses, smart watches

• Desk must be clear of all notes and electronics

Verify Your Name (Make sure it matches your ID)

Prior to the Candidate clicking "Take Exam" on the LF Portal, they should click on the "Verify Now" link to ensure that the First and Last Name listed on their Linux Foundation ID account exactly matches the First & Last name displayed on the government-issued photo ID that will be uploaded to the proctoring system.

Candidate Self Check in Process

Candidates can click on "Take Exam" to launch the Check-In process.

• Candidates will be prompted to run the exam in Full-Screen Mode (F11).

• Candidates will be prompted to allow the LF Proctoring sytem accesss to their webcam and microphone.

• Candidates will be prompted to provide a signature indicating that they accept the Linux Foundation Certification & Confidentiality Agreement (previously presented at purchase AND in the exam preparation checklist)

• Candidates will be prompted to capture a photo of their ID (make sure the image is clear).

The exam language and duration for SkillCred Exams are outlined below:

Candidates can NOT take a break during these exams and the timer can NOT be stopped.

Candidates need to provide identification (ID) that meets the requirements outlined below:

• All IDs must be a valid (unexpired) Government-issued original, physical document (not photocopied or electronic)

• IDs must include the candidate's name, photo, and signature*

  • *Government-issued biometric IDs that do not contain signature will be accepted

• The first and last name on the ID must exactly match the verified name entered on your exam checklist

• Acceptable forms of ID:

  • International travel passport

  • Government-issued driver’s license/permit

  • Government-Issued local language ID (with photo and signature)

  • National identity card State or province-issued identity card

  • Alien registration card (green card or permanent resident/visa)

  • 住民基本台帳 (Basic Resident Register with photo) or マイナンバーカード(My Number Card)

• Minors, between the age of 16-18, are permitted to take an online proctored exam with The Linux Foundation, provided they complete the following requirements:

  • A Parent/Guardian must complete the Parental Release for Testing of Minors form, and submit it to trainingsupport.linuxfoundation.org, at least 2 weeks prior to the scheduled date of the exam

  • At check in, the minor candidate must present a valid student ID as a form of identification

Sanctioned Countries

Exams may be administered to citizens of a sanctioned country listed below PROVIDED the citizens are tested OUTSIDE the sanctioned country and their exam registration and current ID show an address OUTSIDE the sanctioned country.

• Cuba

• Iran

• Syria

• North Korea

• Crimea Region of Ukraine

If you need additional help, please login to trainingsupport.linuxfoundation.org and use the search bar to find an answer to your question, or select your request type from the categories provided.

Warnings

Certain kinds of violations will result in a warning from the Proctor, while certain other violations result in IMMEDIATE TERMINATION OF THE EXAM WITHOUT WARNING.

• If a warning is issued by the Proctor, the Exam will be paused until the Candidate is able to amend or resolve the observed violation.

• If a Candidate is found to be in violation of the same rule more than twice or is found to be in violation more than four times on any combination of rules, the Exam will be terminated immediately.

Exam Terminations

The following actions result in IMMEDIATE TERMINATION OF THE EXAM WITHOUT WARNING:

• Candidate refuses to comply with a Proctor request

• Candidate is observed to be copying Exam content, whether with software, external device(s), manual transcription, or other means

• Candidate steps out of view of the webcam for extended amount of time without the Proctor’s permission

• Someone other than the Candidate is observed to complete or assist with any part of the Exam (e.g. by using Remote Access Software such as LiteManager)

• A discrepancy exists between the input on a Candidate’s screen and the Candidate’s observed activit

Upon completion, exams are scored automatically and barring any exceptions or technical difficulties, a score report will be sent to the candidate via email within 24 hours from the time that the exam was completed.

Results will also be made available on the Portal.

For performance based exams (non multiple choice exams) there may be more than one way to perform a task on an Exam and unless otherwise specified, the candidate can pick any available path to perform the task as long as it produces the correct result. The Linux Foundation (LF) and/or the Exam Proctoring Partner will review your exam record for scoring accuracy, for evidence of possible misconduct, and for response patterns that may suggest that your scores do not represent a valid measure of your knowledge or competence as sampled by the examination (measurement error).

LF will use statistical analyses of exam data (“Data Forensics”) to identify patterns indicative of test fraud, including cheating and piracy.

LF reserves the right to invalidate your exam score and certification result if review of your exam record reveals scoring inaccuracies (attributable to LF or the Exam Proctoring Partner) or response patterns indicative of possible misconduct or measurement error. If LF determines that an Exam score is invalid due to issues that are beyond the control of the candidate, the candidate will be advised of options to retake the Exam at no charge.

Candidates can access My Portal at any time by going to https://trainingportal.linuxfoundation.org/learn/dashboard or by clicking on the My Portal Menu item from https://training.linuxfoundation.org/.

Candidate can login into My Portal when they have the LF account. For details on how to create an LF account, please refer to Creating LF Account.

Once a candidate has logged into My Portal, they will be able to view the status of their Exams and their courses.

The main page of the Portal also includes a link to:

• View your purchase history (for orders completed after June 20, 2020) The purchase history section reflects only paid transactions. Products which are $0 or paid for using 100% prepaid codes are not displayed here

• View your exam results

• Update your account information (e.g. Credit Card on file)

• Manage your profile

Unused Exam Registrations (eligibilities) or Exams and Courses in progress, will be shown in the "In Progress" tab of the Portal. If this is your first visit to "My Portal" the "Start Certification" button will be displayed beside your Certification Exam name, after that, the button will display "Resume" (as shown above).

Click on the button displayed to get to your exam checklist.

Candidates should use the exam checklist to review and complete the steps necessary to take the exam. When items in the checklist have been completed, a green check mark will appear next to the item.

Please Note: The "Take Exam" Button will become active, and the Candidate will be able to proceed to take an exam, only after they complete the first 3 checklist items:

• Agree to Global Candidate Agreement

• Verify Name

• Select Platform (for SkillCred exams this defaults to no platform required)

Verify Your Name

Before the candidate takes the exam, they must click on the "Verify Now" link to ensure that the First and Last Name listed on their Linux Foundation ID account matches the government-issued photo ID that will be uploaded to the automated proctoring system. This will be the same name printed on your certificate, should you pass the exam.

• Click within the field to edit the First or Last name displayed.

• Click “Accept” to confirm.

The SkillCred Exams will launch and display 2 "Read Me" Pages, that contain valuable information on how to navigate the Exam UI and controls.

Page1 of the ReadMe includes a PreLoading progress bar - it is recommended that you allow preloading to complete to 100% before clicking Next, and going to page 2. 5 mins has been added to the timer to allow for the preloading to complete

Page 2 of the ReadMe will load the ExamUI "Tour", which will provide instructions on how to navigate the ExamUI.

When the candidate has reviewed the Readme pages, they can click "next" to view the first exam task.

• Each exam task is completed in a dedicated Linux Virtual Machine (VM). These VM's run in the browser as needed, and are not stored. To reset the VM (in the event of any VM issue - click on the "Reset VM" button (Top Right Hand corner of the VM)

• Exam task instructions will display to the left of the Linux Virtual Machine

• Some exam tasks contain pre-selected values or commands which have been pre-selected and configured with a "click-to-copy" option. You can click on these values/commands and copy them into the VM using this option.

• When the candidate complete the task they must click on "Submit Response" before they can navigate to the next or to a previous task. If they attempt to navigate to another task before clicking "Submit Response", an error message will be displayed instructing them to submit a response.

• The candidate can click on "Flag Item to review" if they wish to flag an item to return to later.

• The candidate can return to a completed task at any time, by clicking on "Previous" or clicking on task in the Navigation menu. They will be prompted with a message indicating "You have submitted a response" and if they want to reattempt the task they can click on the "Reattempt Task" prompt.

• A Navigation Menu is displayed on the Left Hand side of the task instructions. Use the Navigation Menu to return to the ReadMe, return to Flagged Items, or quickly navigate between tasks.

• The candidate can END their exam by navigating to the final task - where the "End Exam" button will be displayed.

Candidates will receive a Certificate ID Number and a Certificate of Completion indicating the successful completion of the requirements necessary to achieve the title indicated on their SkillCred credential certificate.

SkillCred credentials never expire

SkillCred Certificate of Completion

The SkillCred Exam Certificates lists the following information:

• Name of the Candidate who obtained the certificate

• SkillCred Title (e.g. Text Editing with Vim)

• Certificate ID number

• Achievement Date (i.e. date Exam was passed

Credential Expiration

SkillCred Credentials never expire.

Digital Badge

The Linux Foundation has partnered with to provide candidates with a digital version of their credentials.

Badges will be issued to everyone who passes one of our exams and can be used in email signatures or digital resumes, as well as on social media sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.

Further details of our Digital Badges are

The SkillCred Exams are one-attempt only.

If an additional order is available (if the candidate purchased the certification exam more than once) then they will be prompted to "Claim their next order" from this screen.

Exam Rescoring Requests

** NOTE** Exam Rescoring is NOT available for our Multiple Choice or SkillCred exams

Though we cannot guarantee the availability of rescoring for an exam server, candidates who did not earn a passing score may submit a request for an exam to be rescored, up to 2 days following the date on which their score report was received. (Please note there is a fee involved, which must be paid via credit card.)

If your exam is eligible for a rescore, you will be provided with information on rescore fees and instructions on how to submit payment.

If the rescoring results in a change from No Pass to Pass on the exam, the rescoring fee will be refunded.

Registering for an exam gives the candidate an eligibility to take the exam. When a candidate registers for an exam they will have 12 months to take the exam, or until their corporate subscription expires (whichever happens first). That means they must take their exam 12 months of purchase, or before their corporate subscription expires. After that date, the exam registration expires and the candidate will no longer be eligible to sit for the exam.

Exam Fees & Payment

Please review our for pricing information.

Only credit card payments can be used for payment and all major credit cards are accepted.

Volume discounts are available for companies with multiple candidates. Please click on the "Get a Quote" link on our certification product page(s).

Register for an Exam

To register for an exam the candidate will go to , select the Exam they wish to purchase and click the "Register" button.

Candidates will be redirected to The Linux Foundation LMS where they can

(a) Sign in with an existing LF Account and proceed to the secure checkout to complete the transaction or (b) Create a new LF Account by providing a Username, First/Last name and Email address, and proceed to the secure checkout to complete the transaction.

A request to "Verify your Email" will be sent to the email address provided when creating a new LF Account. When the candidate has completed their purchase, they must follow the instructions in the email to "Verify Email" in order to gain access to their Exam.

Secure Checkout

To complete the checkout process, candidates will click "Enter Payment Information" and enter their Credit Card information. Prior to completing their order, candidates will be prompted to read and accept .

Returning Customers

If the candidate is a returning customer and a credit card has been saved to their account, the system will display the last 4 digits of the credit card on file, and advise that this card will be charged.

If the candidate wants to use a different credit card to complete the purchase, they must:

2. Click "Update Credit Card Info" and enter the details of their credit card

3. Click "Save Credit Card" to update the Credit Card details on file.

Purchase History / Receipt for your purchase

How to Purchase an Exam Eligibility as a Gift (Purchase for someone else)

You will be prompted to enter the recipient's First and Last Name, and their Email Address. Clicking on "Enter Payment Information" will redirect you to the Secure Checkout page to complete your order.

The recipient of the "Gift" will receive an email with instructions on how to Redeem a Code provided for the Exam purchased on their behalf.

Candidates, before and after achieving Certification or Credential, shall:

• Perform duties with objectivity, due diligence and professional care.

• Access private information on computer systems only when it is necessary in the course of technical duties. Maintain the privacy and confidentiality of information obtained in the course of your activities unless disclosure is required by legal authority. Such information shall not be used for personal benefit or released to inappropriate parties.

• Provide service in your areas of competence, being honest and forthright about any limitations of your experience and education. Maintain competency in your respective fields and agree to undertake only those activities you can reasonably expect to complete with the necessary skills, knowledge and competence.

• Strive to ensure the necessary integrity, reliability, and availability of the systems for which you are responsible.

• Design and maintain each system in a manner consistent with the purpose of the system to the organization.

• Inform appropriate parties of the results of work performed including the disclosure of all significant facts known to you that, if not disclosed, may distort the reporting of the results.

• Not engage in deceptive financial practices such as bribery, double billing, or other improper financial practices.

• Obey all laws governing your work, unless, in exceptional circumstances, such compliance is inconsistent with the public interest.

• Promote no interest adverse to your employer or client, unless a higher ethical concern is being compromised; in that case, inform the employer or another appropriate authority of the ethical concern.

• Avoid entering into conflicting obligations with one client, such as obligations of confidentiality, availability for work, or otherwise, which conflict with obligations to another client.

• Not unlawfully discriminate or knowingly permit unlawful discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, religion, age or disability in: (1) hiring, promoting, discharging, or otherwise determining the conditions of employment of any person; or (2) accepting or terminating representation of any client.

• Identify, document, and report significant issues of social concern, of which you are aware, in software or related documents, to the employer or the client.

• Ensure that you have no other professional or contractual obligations that are inconsistent with this Code of Conduct.

• Participate in any investigation of exam irregularities. Refusal to co-operate can be the basis for revocation of certification or cancellation of eligibility.

• Notify LF if they are unable to continue to perform the skills and competencies prior to their certification expiration.

In the event that sanctions are imposed pursuant to the Exam Misconduct and Professional Code of Conduct Violations, or your exam score is invalidated pursuant to the Exam Misconduct Policy, you will have thirty (30) calendar days from the date of your notification letter to file an appeal. If you believe you have valid grounds for an appeal, please contact The Linux Foundation (LF) within the appeals period and submit a Certification Appeals Submission Form as instructed in the notification letter. Incomplete submissions will not be considered nor will requests be received after the thirty (30) calendar day period.

If The Linux Foundation determines that a request for appeal is filed within the allowable time, the submission follows required guidelines for consideration and the original sanction and invalidation decision is upheld by LF, such appeal and the information submitted by you will be forwarded to the LF Certifications Appeals Committee for consideration. You may expect to receive a written response from LF within approximately ninety (90) calendar days after the Appeals Committee meets. Decisions rendered by the Appeals Committee are final.

Appeals Decision

You may expect to receive a written response from The Linux Foundation within ninety (90) calendar days after the Appeals Committee meets. Decisions rendered by the Appeals Committee are final.

Copyright

All exam questions are the property of The Linux Foundation and are protected by copyright. Most national laws provide severe civil and criminal penalties for the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition of copyrighted materials.

Upon passing a SkillCred exam and if all other requirements have been met, candidates will be granted the credential relevant to the Exam.

Formal notice of achieving a successful credential from The Linux Foundation will be emailed within 3 business days of meeting program requirements.

The email notification(s) will include a notice providing the candidate's Certificate ID number and how to access and download a pdf copy of their certification of completion.

The Exam Preparation checklist in the portal will also display the candidate's achieved score and includes a "View Certificate" option, that the candidate can click to view and/or download their certificate (.pdf file)

Candidates have the option to repurchase the exam at any time from the course catalog

Only one exam order will be "active" for each purchased exam. When the Active purchase has been used the Claim Your Next Order button will be enabled in the exam checklist.

When you click the Claim Your Next Order button, the current exam data will be stored as a history and a new Exam Preparation Checklist will be displayed in the candidate's portal.

The Linux Foundation (LF) may, in its sole discretion, revoke any and all Certifications or Credentials the candidate may have earned and permanently ban them from earning future Certifications or Credentials under any of the following circumstances:

• If the candidate uses profanity, threaten to harm, bully or in any way harass any LF or Exam Proctoring Partner employee or contractor (whether verbally or in writing, including through electronic communications or external web postings);

• If the candidate breaches the terms and conditions of The Linux Foundation Global Certification and Confidentiality Agreement;

• If LF determines, in its sole discretion pursuant to the Exam Misconduct and Professional Code of Conduct Violations, that the candidate has undertaken or participated in Exam Misconduct as defined in the Exam Misconduct Policy, or violated the Professional Code of Conduct.

• If you have been convicted of a crime that LF deems, in its sole discretion, in any way harms or affects LF’s or the Program’s reputation, goodwill or security; or

• If you have lost or settled a civil case in which LF is the plaintiff and the claim arose from any alleged damage to LF, its brand, goodwill or reputation.

Candidates engaging in Exam Misconduct, as defined below, will not be allowed to complete the Exam or receive an exam result. Such candidates will also be barred from taking any other LF Certification Exam and if applicable, will have any active LF Certification(s) withdrawn.

Refunds will not be given and rescheduling will not be allowed in the event of early termination of an exam due to misconduct. Misconduct may, at any time, result in application of the sanctions specified in Section 7. You shall adhere to all Program rules and shall not engage in any action to subvert, or attempt to subvert, the examination process (“Exam Misconduct”) including but not limited to:

• Failing to comply with the Exam Rules and Policies as listed in Section 4.2​

• Disseminating actual exam content by any means, including, but not limited to, web postings, formal or informal test preparation or discussion groups, chat rooms, reconstruction through memorization, study guides, or any other method, as well as providing exam content or information to any person not expressly authorized by LF to receive such content or information (including but not limited to an LF employee who is not part of the Certification Program staff)

• Copying or otherwise transferring, modifying, making derivative works of, reverse engineering, decompiling, disassembling, or translating any Exam or any part thereof

• Seeking and/or obtaining unauthorized access to examination materials (this includes using recollections of others of materials from previous administration of any Exam, a.k.a. braindump material, and/or any unauthorized publication of Exam questions with or without answers)

• Using falsified or altered certificates, score reports, or other documents or electronic media to misrepresent Certification status

• Allowing another person, or an organization in which you are not actively involved, to use your certification credentials to obtain employment or promotions

• Providing falsified information, documentation or statements as a means of a false identity, false address or solicitation of someone to take a test on another's behalf

• Giving, Receiving or obtaining assistance by improper means (e.g. using AI or ChatGPT) during the examination or attempting to do so

• Making notes of any kind during the Exam, whether on paper or via digital means (other than using the notepad provided within the exam browser tab)

• Possession of non-authorized items during the Exam

• Accepting or providing improper assistance on your Exam or Exams taken by others (e.g. by using Remote Access Software such as LiteManager)

• Removing or attempting to remove Exam material (in any format)

• Intentionally or otherwise repeatedly causing a disturbance of any kind during the Exam

• Tampering with the exam server and its environment or attempting to use it for any function other than taking an LF Exam

• Modifying and/or altering the results and/or score report for this Exam or any other Exam record

• Using computer scripts to register for Exams

• Misconduct as determined by Data Forensics as defined in Section 4.4

• Failing to adhere to any LF or Exam Proctoring Partner policy, procedure, rule, or instruction

• Using profanity, threatening to harm, bully or in any way harass any LF or Exam Proctoring Partner employee or contractor (whether verbally or in writing, including through electronic communications or external web postings)

• Otherwise violating the terms of LF’s Certification and Confidentiality Agreement